Target hardware address (THA) Media address of the intended receiver. Sender protocol address (SPA) Internetwork address of the sender. In an ARP reply this field is used to indicate the address of the host that the request was looking for. In an ARP request this field is used to indicate the address of the host sending the request. Sender hardware address (SHA) Media address of the sender. Operation Specifies the operation that the sender is performing: 1 for request, 2 for reply. The internetwork protocol is specified in PTYPE. Protocol length (PLEN) Length (in octets) of internetwork addresses. Hardware length (HLEN) Length (in octets) of a hardware address. The permitted PTYPE values share a numbering space with those for EtherType. Protocol type (PTYPE) This field specifies the internetwork protocol for which the ARP request is intended. Hardware type (HTYPE) This field specifies the network link protocol type.

Target protocol address (TPA) (first 2 bytes) Target hardware address (THA) (first 2 bytes) Sender protocol address (SPA) (first 2 bytes) Sender hardware address (SHA) (first 2 bytes) Internet Protocol (IPv4) over Ethernet ARP packet The ARP packet size in this case is 28 bytes. In this scenario, the packet has 48-bit fields for the sender hardware address (SHA) and target hardware address (THA), and 32-bit fields for the corresponding sender and target protocol addresses (SPA and TPA). The principal packet structure of ARP packets is shown in the following table which illustrates the case of IPv4 networks running on Ethernet. The payload of the packet consists of four addresses, the hardware and protocol address of the sender and receiver hosts. The message header is completed with the operation code for request (1) and reply (2). The message header specifies the types of network in use at each layer as well as the size of addresses of each. The size of the ARP message depends on the link layer and network layer address sizes. The Address Resolution Protocol uses a simple message format containing one address resolution request or response. This property places ARP on top of the link layer of the Internet protocol suite.

It is communicated within the boundaries of a single network, never routed across internetworking nodes.

The Address Resolution Protocol is a request-response protocol whose messages are encapsulated by a link layer protocol.

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